Assessing the Feasibility of Nuclear Techniques for the Analysis and Conservation of Cultural Heritage in Katsina State, Nigeria

Abstract

Nuclear techniques provide non-destructive, highly precise methods for the analysis, restoration, and preservation of irreplaceable cultural heritage objects and sites. This review assesses the feasibility of applying techniques such as neutron activation analysis (NAA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), and gamma irradiation for cultural heritage in Katsina State, Nigeria. Katsina hosts significant tangible heritage, including the Gobarau Minaret, Durbi Takusheyi tumuli, ancient city walls, Emir’s Palaces, and collections at the National Museum Katsina, which face threats from erosion, biological degradation, climate variability, and urbanization. Nigeria’s nuclear infrastructure, coordinated by the Nigerian Atomic Energy Commission (NAEC), includes the Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (NIRR-1) at the Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT) in Zaria and the Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF) at Sheda, Abuja, offering a viable foundation for peaceful applications. Drawing on IAEA-supported global projects, this paper evaluates technical, economic, regulatory, institutional, and socio-cultural dimensions of feasibility. Opportunities through IAEA technical cooperation outweigh challenges such as expertise gaps and equipment access, making implementation promising. Recommendations focus on pilot projects, capacity building, and stakeholder collaboration to enhance heritage preservation and socioeconomic benefits.