Evaluation of Radiofrequency Power Flux Density from Mobile Base Transceiver Stations in Gidan-Mangoro, Bosso Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria

Abstract

Radiofrequency (RF) radiation emitted from Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) is classified as non-ionizing radiation. Nevertheless, concerns have been expressed worldwide regarding the possible health effects associated with prolonged exposure, particularly for individuals residing close to BTS installations. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has categorized RF electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B), highlighting the need for continued scientific investigation. This study evaluated the power flux density of RF radiation emitted from mobile transceiver stations located near residential areas of Gidan-Mangoro in Bosso Local Government Area of Niger State in order to determine compliance with safety standards recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Measurements of signal levels from three mobile network operators (MTN, GLO and Airtel) available within the study area were carried out using an RF Strength Meter (Model 480836). Several measurements were taken along all the accessible routes to cover the study area, while the corresponding distances and geographic coordinates were recorded using a Global Positioning System (GPS) device. The results indicated that power flux density varied across different locations, largely influenced by environmental conditions such as terrain, buildings, and vegetation. Despite these variations, the highest recorded value was 109.4 mW/m², which is below the ICNIRP recommended public exposure limits of 4,500 mW/m² (900 MHz), 9,000 mW/m² (1,800 MHz) and 10,000 mW/m² (2,700 MHz). These findings suggest that RF exposure levels within the study area remain within internationally accepted safety limits.